Essay on Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of Art

Essay on Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of Art Essay on Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of Art Essay on Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of ArtGriselda Pollock in her work â€Å"In Vision and Difference: Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of Art† gives us some arguments which extend beyond issues about impressionist painting and parity of artists who are women. She outlines the spaces of femininity in works of artists compering female artists and the artists, who are men.The author indicates that a big amount of outstanding modern art works are considered and viewed extremely in the scope of sexuality and commercial exchange of it. In those works of art women are often pictured as subjects, which have a purpose to please men’s eye. We often see a bar with a female bartender or naked women in paintings (Olympia (1863) and A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (1881-82) by EdouardManet).Have you ever seen a modern painting with a naked man on it? Such painting will look ridiculous. A huge amount of modern arts are simply made just for men, for their pleasure, and women are selling their bodies to the artists. There had been social and subjective difference between women and men for several centuries. Such asymmetry has a historical background.The author mentions some female artists and their art works in order to compare them with paintings painted by male artists. Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt for instant were representatives of Impressionist exhibiting society. Griselda Pollockanalyses the differences between art works of these two female artists and male artists using space criteria. She analyses the location where women are depicted. In the case of female artists, private areas and domestic territory are included. On the contrary of male paintings, female artists depict women in the public domain scenes, for instance, of promenading, driving in the park, being at the theater, boating (At the terrace (1874), The harbor at Lorient (1869) by Berthe Morisot). Women are represented carrying their children, not being some naked courtesa ns or some bartenders. Women’s looks are not sexualized in the paintings of female artists.The author is also pointing out the spatial argument. The spatial order within the painting made by women is different from the spatial order on the man’s painting. When we are talking about female’s works of art, it is reasonable to mention the following arguments. The disposition of different subjects and the point, from which the painting has been made, make the viewer involved and taken into position of depicted person. Sometimes the viewer’s gaze is obstructed from the foreground by the depicted figure. Therefore, the viewer feels some dislocation between the woman depicted and the rest of the world. There are boundaries between two spatial systems. The differences lie in the wayperson can relate to the painting and objects depicted in it. For example,The garden of the princess (1864) by EdouardManet gives the viewer only ability of observing the scene, not bei ng present in the painting. It makes the viewer independent and absent. But the point of view of women’s painting put the person somewhere in the middle. The viewer is not absolutely absent, but also not to personally involved. The painting simply demonstrates historical moment.The women may be depicted in exactly the opposite way depending on the location and clothing. The respectable woman is well dressed and accompanied by her husband in a park. The girl of easy virtue is showing some parts of her body and her dress is not so modest.There was quite distinctive separation of women’s and men’s public territory in bourgeois society. Women were not supposed to visit public places alone. They were considered to be home keepers. If woman showed up alone in public places, she had risked to be judged by society. She could be disgraced and defamed. Female artists like Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt showed us that discomfort and vulnerability of lonely women in public places. Women depicted by Mary Cassatt in The Loge (1882) show the reality and true feelings of such women. One of them seems suppressed and the other one is covering her face. That is the evidence that they feel uncomfortable. The yeas of the public were fixed on these ladies. Male artist Auguste Renoir in The loge (1874) shows the same location but from a different point of view. The woman in his picture draws attention of a viewer to herself. She is depicted presumably for a male spectator. We see a picture of a woman. She is the only object of this painting.It is Griselda Pollocks opinion that that line between public and private life of a woman is not just a division of her world, it is also the frontier of the spaces of femininity. While men could move freely in public world, women were restricted. Women could not observe the world because of such restriction of visiting public places alone. On the contrary of man, woman had no freedom of looking and acknowledging. She was th e object of men’s gaze by herself. It was a man who had a whole freedom.The ways the women are depicted in private areas are also different. Female artist, Marry Cassat, for example, shows the maids simple washing. The maid is half naked. But not sexualized. She is not pictured as fallen woman. The artist depicted maid in the way, that she is not the subject of voyeuristic gaze. The viewer sees a simple act of private life. Griselda Pollock analyses Degas’s painting. The male artist shows the same act of private life in absolutely opposite way. The woman in his painting is definitely a subject to sexual commodification. It is also reasonable to mention about class division between women. The author suggests that bourgeoise and proletarian are depicted in different locations. It is a woman from the proletariat painted as a maid washing herself.In conclusion Griselda Pollock is talking about the spaces of femininity nowadays. It still regulates women lives. Author indica tes that modernity is still out there. It is still with us. Women are even more vulnerable to assault. Women are not able to move safely.   They are still objects to annoying looks by men and even victim to sexual crimes. That is why it is so important to analyze modernist art works in the scope of femininity.   It is important to discern sexualized structures and discover past resistance with the help of works of art. That could serve a factor to discovering new spaces of femininity.Now I would like to test arguments given in paper work by Griselda Pollock, which were summarized above, using the assigned work of art. A Box at the Italian Theatre was painted by Eva Gonzalà ¨s in 1874. It is currently located in the permanent collection of the Musà ©e d’Orsay in Paris. A Box at the Italian Theatre may truly be considered as a representative of impressionism in female version.At first, let’s analyze the space criteria. We see a woman in the public place. It is a de cent place, which is a theater. Eva Gonzalà ¨s depicts the character of the painting sitting in the box, so we can assume that she seeks for some privacy. Woman perhaps wants to feel herself a little bit more comfortable that is why she chooses some enclosed space. The character prefers to avoid some annoying looks of men and condemnation. This woman is allegedly alone in the theater. But that fact that she has her seat in a box gives us these associations with wealth and status. She can afford this privileged seat. The analysis of the location and the dress of the lady depicted bring us to the conclusion that this woman is a representative of the bourgeoisie.If we are talking about the women’s vulnerability in public places, we will see how precisely Eva Gonzalà ¨sconveys this problematic. The seat next to the lady is empty. We can assume that she came alone. But the woman obviously doesn’t have the possibility of observing the performance. As we can see she is cons tantly under the gaze of some man. That man seems interested in the lady, but she has her eye glued to the scene. The woman is restricted again. She has denied in freedom of looking and observing peacefully without any interferences.At the same time the posture and the way the woman sits gives us the feeling that she feels quite comfortable and that gaze of a man doesn’t disturb her.The analyzed painting supports statements of Griselda Pollock mentioned in her work â€Å"In Vision and Difference: Femininity and Feminism and the Histories of Art†. It shows the way female artists depicted women with all their vulnerable nature. It depicts the spaces of femininity.

MD Program Step-by-Step Guide

How to Get Into a BS/MD Program Step-by-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Is your goal to become a doctor? Do you want to put yourself on a fast track to medical school and making your dream a reality? If so, you may want to consider applying for a BS/MD program. In this article, I'll explain what theseprograms are and go overexactly how to get into a BS/MD program, so that you can be one step closer to your dream of becoming a doctor. What Is a BS/MD Program? A BS/MD program offers you admission to medical school if you meet certain minimum requirements while you’re in college or applying to colleges. You can apply for a BS/MD program as a high school student during the regular college application process. Additionally, there are BS/MD programs you can apply to as an underclassman in college. Most people begin applying to med school the summer between their junior and senior years of college, so BS/MD programscan let you know you've been accepted to med school years before many of your peers find out. Much of the information in this article is geared towards current high school students who are considering applying to programs that admit first-year students, but some of the advice and information also applies to current college students who are contemplating entering a BS/MD program. Typically, for BS/MD programs, you have to maintain a 3.5 GPA while in college, and many programs still require you to take the MCAT, the medical school entrance exam. However, assuming you meet the minimum requirements, you’ll be guaranteed admission to the medical school that’s associated with your BS/MD program. Usually, it takes at least eight years to finish your undergraduate and medical school programs, but sometimes, you can do so in six or seven through a BS/MD program. Upon completion of the program, you’ll have a Bachelor of Science and a Doctor of Medicine degrees. Requirements for Getting Into a BS/MD Program Getting into a BS/MD program is extremely difficult. Each program has different requirements, but, in all cases, you need a high GPA and stellar standardized test scores.The requirements are usually much stricter than those for other undergraduate applicants. The University of Missouri-Kansas City's BS/MD program has a minimum unweighted GPA requirement of 3.0, one of the lowest for a BS/MD program. However, the average unweighted high school GPA for an admitted student to the program is a 3.80. The minimum ACT score is a 24, but the average for admitted students is a 31. The minimum SAT score is 1090, but the average score for an admitted student is 1380. So, even if the bare minimum that a BS/MD program requires isn't that competitive, expect to need stellar academics if you want to actually get acceptedbecause the competition will be tough. Also, for most BS/MD programs, you have to write a personal statement, get recommendations, and do an interview. Additionally, you’ll be evaluated on your extracurricular activities. These programs want to see that you’ve demonstrated leadership and achievement; furthermore, they like to see involvement in extracurriculars related to health and medicine. Here’s a chart with the minimum GPA and standardized test requirements for some BS/MD programs to give you an idea of what you need to be eligible for most of these programs. Keep in mind that you’ll probably need to comfortably exceed the minimum requirements to give yourself a decent shot at getting into these programs. School GPA SAT ACT SAT Subject Tests University of Alabama at Birmingham 3.5 1340 30 Not Required Baylor University 3.7 or top 5% 1400 32 Not Required University of Cincinnati No minimum requirement 1300 29 Not Required Drexel University 3.5 1360 31 Not Required Florida Atlantic University 4.3 weighted 1450 33 Recommended University of Miami 3.75 1400 32 600 in Math and one Science (Biology, Chemistry, or Physics) The College of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School 4.5 weighted or top 5% 1500 35 Not Required Rutgers University Top 10% 1400 32 Not Required Saint Louis University No C's 1330 30 Not Required While the table should give you an idea of the minimum requirements of different BS/MD programs, as mentioned above, you’ll likely have to do substantially better to have a reasonable chance of getting accepted. To give yourself a good chance of getting into a BS/MD program, you should shoot for at least a 3.8 unweighted GPA and either a 1500 SAT score or a 34 composite ACT score. Basically, getting into a BS/MD program is on par with getting admitted to the most selective colleges in the country. Dom Sagolla/Flickr How to Get Into a BS/MD Program: Application Components Now I’ll focus on each component of your BS/MD program application and offer advice and tips to make yourself as competitive for these programs as possible. Your GPA and Classes Your high school transcript is probably the most important component in determining whether or not you gain admission to a BS/MD program. First, your goal should be to get as close to a 4.0 GPA as possible. Also, you should make sure to excel in the most rigorous math and science classes offered at your school. Because pre-med programs and medical school are very science intensive, you want to show that you’re extremely capable of doing well in demanding science classes. Depending on what classes your school offers, you should plan on taking at least two of these three classes: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, and AP Physics. Your Standardized Tests Again, you need exceptional SAT/ACT scores to make yourself competitive for admission. You should follow our tips to get a perfect SAT or ACT score. We recommend taking the SAT/ACT for the first time by the fall of your junior year. If you don’t reach your target score, you can retake the test in the spring, and, hopefully, you won’t have to worry about it during your senior year when you’ll be busy with school, extracurricular activities, and college applications. Know how long you’ll have to study to reach your target score. Remember that you want to get at least a 1500 on the SAT or a 34 on the ACT to give yourself a good chance to get into a BS/MD program. Also, many programs require SAT Subject Tests. I recommend taking your SAT Subject Tests in the spring of your junior year. Some schools have guidelines on what subject tests you must take, but even if there are no specific subject requirements, you're probably going to want to take a math and science SAT Subject Test. If you're doing well in high-level math and science classes, you shouldn't have much trouble with the SAT Subject Tests, assuming you spend a little time to familiarize yourself with the tests. If you take the tests in subjects you excel at, you should do very well. Your Extracurricular Activities BS/MD programs want to admit students who have exceptional achievements both in and out of the classroom. Your commitment to your extracurricular activities demonstrates your willingness to do more than what’s required and your initiative to actively pursue your passions. Because BS/MD programs are looking for students who are passionate about pursuing a career in medicine, you should have at least a couple of extracurriculars related to your interest in the medical field. You may want to volunteer at a hospital, shadow a doctor, help a professor with medical research, or get involved with a summer medical program. Extracurriculars are a great way to separate yourself from other applicants who have similar grades and test scores. You'll enhance your applications and gain valuable experience by pursuing leadership positions, conducting research, and participating in otheractivities that show your potential and achievement in the medical field. Your College Essay Your college essay or personal statement is another critical component of your college application. The essay gives the school an opportunity to get to know you outside of your grades and accomplishments. It can give you a chance to explain any unique obstacles you’ve had to overcome or express why you’re motivated to become a doctor. College essays can be challenging and time-consuming. Learn what you need to know about college essays and how to come up with great essay ideas. I recommend starting to work on your college essays the summer before your senior year or at the beginning of your senior year at the latest. The essays aren’t very long, but you want to give yourself ample time to write and revise your college essays. I've worked with hundreds of students who procrastinated on their college essays, and they ended up not having enough time to produce their best work. In a few years, you too could be sporting a stethoscope. Your Recommendations While your college essay allows a school to get to know you from your own perspective, your recommendations help a college get to know you from another person's perspective. Most BS/MD programs will require recommendations from your teachers. Ideally, at least one of your recommendations will come from a science teacher who can speak glowingly about your science skills, character, and desire to learn. Make sure you know what a good recommendation looks like and how to ask for a letter of recommendation. You can initially ask teachers if they would be willing to write you a letter of recommendation at the end of your junior year. That will give them time to think about what they’re going to write, and you can get them to agree to write a recommendation for you before they become inundated with requests during your senior year. Then, you can submit a formal request at the beginning of your senior year. For your reference, here are examples of excellent recommendation letters. Your Interview Many BS/MD programs do have an interview requirement. I know interviews can be scary, but with some basic preparation, the interview should only enhance your application. Because these programs are so selective, they try to take every necessary step to ensure they admit the best applicants. Be ready to answer why you're interested in that particular program and why you want to become a doctor. Avoid generic answers that could be given by any applicant; incorporating anecdotes and specific examples will strengthen your interview responses. Don’t worry about the interview too much. By the time you interview, you’ll have completed most of the hard work needed to apply to a BS/MD program. As long as you’re respectful, you’ve done your research on the program, and you thoughtfully answer the questions you’re asked, you should be just fine. Is a BS/MD Program Right for You? At this point, you may be wondering if you want to do what’s necessary to get into a BS/MD program. These programs aren’t ideal for everyone, but they're excellent options for certain types of students. If you have your heart set on becoming a doctor, a BS/MD program will set you on a direct path toward becoming one. You won’t have to deal with the stress of applying to medical school, and you’ll possibly be able to finish medical school in less time. However, a BS/MD program may not be the best option for you if you’re not completely sure that you want to be a doctor. In fact, most of my friends who started college intending to pursue medical school ended up changing their plans. Furthermore, many of the most selective and prestigious colleges and medical schools aren’t connected with BS/MD programs. If you want to attend a top college or medical school that isn’t associated with a BS/MD program, then perhaps you should just make yourself competitive for admission to Ivy League schools and not worry about BS/MD programs. Schools like Harvard and Stanford don’t have BS/MD programs, but the vast majority of their pre-med students get into medical school. In 2012, 93% of Harvard pre-med students with at least a 3.5 GPA were admitted to medical school. Finally, BS/MD programs tend to be demanding, and the workload can be very rigorous, especially if you're in a 6 or 7-year program. Make sure you're capable of doing the work that will be required, and more importantly, make sure you really want to do the work. What's Next? If you think you want to enter a BS/MD program, you really should have a high GPA and excellent test scores to give yourself the best chance of getting into the program of your choice. Learn helpful test prep strategies if you have a low SAT/ACT score but a high GPA. Also, understand the secret to getting a perfect SAT/ACT score. Finally, regardless of whether or not you end up deciding to apply to BS/MD programs, you should know how many colleges to apply to. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: